Changelog for v1.7.1

• Extended testbed support to Ubuntu 26.04 LTS.
• OpenAirInterface: Added optional UE support for ZeroMQ instead of RF simulator [1], [2].
• Migrated testbed terminal usage from gnome-terminal to generic x-terminal-emulator for broader desktop environment support.
  • For example, run the handover scenario in new windows with ./OpenAirInterface_Testbed/run_handover_scenario.sh show.
• Open5GS: Made the Data Network Name (DNN) configurable at the slice level in options.yaml.
• Open5GS: Updated MongoDB from 4.4 to 7.0 for faster subscriber reading and writing.
• Open5GS (5gdeploy): Bumped Open5GS Docker component image to v2.7.7.
• FlexRIC: Added color coding to distinguish metric names, values, and units while logging in KPM monitoring xApps.
• FlexRIC: Changed default service model install directory from the system path to local flexric/build, making it configurable.
  • Included additional script to check when the FlexRIC libraries were last modified.
• FlexRIC: Added option to disable SQLite to prevent unnecessary database write operations during runtime.
• FlexRIC: Added a metrics factory (metrics_factory.c) to centralize management of E2SM-KPM metrics across xApps.
• FlexRIC: Added E2 node IDs matching NR CGI (3GPP 38.423 clause 9.2.3.25) to E2SM-KPM monitoring xApps.
  • Grafana dashboard updated with UE-to-Cell mapping table and CARR.PDSCHMCSDist plots [3], [4].
• FlexRIC: Switched to E2AP_V3 and KPM_V3_00 to fix indication message latency (collectStartTime).
  • 64-bit encoded per E2SM-KPM clause 8.3.12, and IETF RFC 5905 clause 6.
• FlexRIC: Added build flag to ensure optimized Release binaries are generated instead of Debug binaries.
• OCUDU: Pinned the OCUDU Documentation commit hash to ensure a stable ZeroMQ broker download URL.
• OpenAirInterface and SRS UE: Suppressed UE namespace cleanup before re-initializing namespaces.
• Improved handling of GCC versioning checks to ensure consistent compiler installations.
• Updated software commit hashes to their latest stable versions.
• Revised documentation, diagrams, and source code to reflect the changes listed above.

Full Changelog: v1.7.0...v1.7.1

References

1. OpenAirInterface UE Supported Radio Devices. NIST. https://github.com/usnistgov/O-RAN-Testbed-Automation/tree/a7d976fb325d2500cbcd98544803ebfb157fe9bc/OpenAirInterface_Testbed/User_Equipment#supported-radio-devices
2. ZeroMQ Documentation. OpenAirInterface. https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g/-/blob/develop/radio/zmq/README.md
3. Grafana Dashboard KPM Metrics Monitor Image. NIST. https://github.com/usnistgov/O-RAN-Testbed-Automation/blob/a7d976fb325d2500cbcd98544803ebfb157fe9bc/Images/xApp_Dashboard.png
4. KPM Monitor Visualization in Grafana. NIST. https://github.com/usnistgov/O-RAN-Testbed-Automation/tree/a7d976fb325d2500cbcd98544803ebfb157fe9bc/OpenAirInterface_Testbed/RAN_Intelligent_Controllers/Flexible-RIC#kpm-monitor-visualization-in-grafana

Changelog for v1.7.0: OCUDU Integration

Next Generation Node B

• Switched gNodeB implementation from srsRAN_Project 25.10 to OCUDU 26.04 [1].
  • As the continuation of srsRAN_Project, OCUDU offers a high-performance open-source O-CU and O-DU [2], [3].
  • Integrated ZeroMQ Broker for concurrent UE connections; default scenario now starts three UEs [4].
  • Added support for OCUDU's O1 interface for configuration management and performance monitoring [5].
  • Added Grafana dashboard for OCUDU metrics monitoring and visualization [6].
  • See the Next_Generation_Node_B documentation for configuration details [7].

User Equipment

• OpenAirInterface: Fixed UE synchronization and handover issues by shifting DU PBCH and SIB1 in the time domain [8].
  • Added script check_rrc_state.sh to check the current RRC state from the gNodeB.
• SRS UE: Updated network namespace setup to be the same as OpenAirInterface namespaces for concurrent instances.
• SRS UE: Improved build idempotence by checking for existing ZeroMQ installations.
• SRS UE, OpenAirInterface: Fixed fetching of core address for 5gdeploy when simulating traffic to the core.
• OpenAirInterface, OCUDU, SRS UE: Updated DU/UE network namespace IP allocation for clarity and consistency.
• OpenAirInterface, OCUDU, SRS UE: Improved idempotence of network namespace setup and cleanup.

5G Core Network

• 5gdeploy: Fixed race condition by waiting for all subscribers to be added to database before proceeding with other components.
• 5gdeploy: Enabled UE slicing to correctly transmit S-NSSAI (SD=FFFFFF), fixing PDU session failures with free5GC NSSF.
• 5gdeploy: Patched OAI database to allow multiple SDs per UE for custom network slice configurations.
• 5gdeploy: Added option to toggle resetting orantestbed scenario upon generating configurations.
• 5gdeploy: Bumped core component versions to latest releases (e.g., free5GC v4.2.1, oai-fed v2.2.0, gtp5g v0.9.16).
• Open5GS: More efficient Open5GS install/uninstall, and fixed a segfault by using meson via pip3 instead of apt.
• Open5GS: Enabled Position-Independent Code (PIC) in Open5GS builds for shared library support.
• Open5GS: Enabled pipefail for Open5GS WebUI installer and uninstaller scripts.

RAN Intelligence Controllers

• FlexRIC: Migrated xApps to use new NRCellDU-level distribution metric CARR.PDSCHMCSDist.BinX.BinY.BinZ (PDSCH_RBs) [9].
• FlexRIC: Added script to interact with the InfluxDB database from the KPM monitor xApp.
• FlexRIC: Fixed E2 identification in KPM monitoring xApps for improved RAN controller messaging.
• O-RAN SC: Moved backup J, K, and L release commit_hashes.json files to their respective directories.
• O-RAN SC Near-RT RIC: To prevent hanging gNodeB, added detection of unhealthy/inaccessible E2 termination.
• O-RAN SC Near-RT RIC: Restored deprecated pkg_resources from setuptools for the DMS CLI.
• O-RAN SC Non-RT RIC: Fixed ChartMuseum registration to improve Non-RT RIC installation reliability.

General

• Instead of HTTPS, added optional SSH support for git clone (enable with export USE_GIT_SSH=true).
• Made IP_ADDRESS fetching consistent and added a toggle for code patching (APPLY_PATCHES=true).
• Enhanced error handling and coverage in dependency download scripts (Additional_Scripts/).
• Added optional Node Version Manager (nvm) support for consistent Node.js versioning.
• Improved robustness of Docker and MongoDB installation scripts with better state-checking.
• When stopping an application, used square brackets to prevent self-matching.
• Normalized and cleaned up usage of sudo pre-authentication across scripts.
• Fixed file permissions when $SUDO_USER is set and differs from $USER.
• Fixed exit trap loop behavior to not persist when cancelled by the user.
• Improved cleanup of directories and added dependency removal scripts in Additional_Scripts/.
• Updated software commit hashes to the latest versions; additional tweaks and improvements.

Full Changelog: v1.6.0...v1.7.0

References

1. The srsRAN Project journey continues as OCUDU. GitHub. srsran/srsRAN_Project#1470
2. Open-Centralized-Unit-Distributed-Unit (OCUDU). OCUDU. https://ocudu.org/
3. OCUDU Documentation. GitLab Pages. https://ocudu.gitlab.io/ocudu_docs
4. OCUDU Multi-UE Emulation Tutorial. GitLab Pages. https://ocudu.gitlab.io/ocudu_docs/user_manual/tutorials/srsue/#multi-ue-emulation
5. OCUDU O1 Adapter https://ocudu.gitlab.io/ocudu_docs/oran_apps/ocudu_o1_adapter/
6. OCUDU Grafana Dashboard WebUI. NIST. https://github.com/usnistgov/O-RAN-Testbed-Automation/tree/main/Next_Generation_Node_B#ocudu-grafana-webui
7. O-RAN-Testbed-Automation, gNodeB Documentation. NIST. https://github.com/usnistgov/O-RAN-Testbed-Automation/blob/main/Next_Generation_Node_B/README.md
8. Handover Tutorial for OAI. OpenAirInterface. https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g/-/blob/0ba31c0f89dd3162c7d87142da2b0f4e08abeb58/doc/handover-tutorial.md#run-the-setup:~:text=DU0%20and%20DU1%20should%20use%20different%20SSBs
9. Flexible-RIC xApp Deployment. NIST. https://github.com/usnistgov/O-RAN-Testbed-Automation/tree/main/OpenAirInterface_Testbed/RAN_Intelligent_Controllers/Flexible-RIC/#running-an-xapp

Changelog for v1.6.0

OpenAirInterface

• Migrated to latest configuration style and usage instructions (e.g., multiple RF simulator front ends).
• Added support for physical-layer visualization and IQ sample extraction with ImScope nrscope.
  • For more information, see OpenAirInterface_Testbed/Next_Generation_Node_B.
• Handover scenario supports arbitrary number of DUs via --num-dus [N], and optional component toggling.
• Revised the UE and DU network namespace allocation scripts for clarity and readability.
• Added option to share gNodeB's dynamically-cloned flexric/ repository with the FlexRIC testbed component.
• Added option to disable sharing openairinterface5g/ repository between gNodeB and UE when on same system.
• Added option to configure E2 termination port.
• Updated FlexRIC and xApps; fixed InfluxDB installation for the KPM monitoring xApp.
• Added option to configure SST and SD for the FlexRIC KPM RC xApp.

O-RAN SC Near- and Non-RT RICs

• Upgraded software repositories to the latest M-Release.
• Improved installation process of SMO and Non-RT RIC components.
• Added non-systemd installation option for Kubernetes deployments.
• Fixed ability to specify an alternative E2 termination port.
• Removed image caching from xApp uninstaller to enforce pulling clean images.
  • Added commit_hashes_l_release.json for O-RAN SC L-Release backward compatibility.

5G Core Network

• Network slicing (S-NSSAI) is now a list of slices that are applied to subscribers.
• Added non-systemd option across core components to support background processes in place of systemctl services.
• Improved robustness of MongoDB and WebUI installation scripts.

General

• Added confirmation dialog before installing the srsRAN-based and OpenAirInterface-based testbeds.
• Improved Docker and Kubernetes installation and uninstallation across environments.
• Added optional non-systemd execution mode for Docker-based deployments.
• Made SCTP management consistent across components.
• File ownership no longer assumes user group; only based on username.
• Stop scripts recover if the terminal gets broken.
• Updated software dependency commit hashes, migrating srsRAN_Project configs to latest format.
• Additional minor improvements to documentation, diagrams, and source code.

Issues Resolved

• Resolved issue #8: Clarification about GPU and CPU support.
  • Thanks to @HeeJaeMon123 and @Icelab-2020 for the suggestion.

Full Changelog: v1.5.0...v1.6.0

Changelog for v1.5.0: 5gdeploy Integration

• Added modular core network support via USNISTGOV/5gdeploy [1].
  • Supported cores: Open5GS [2], OAI CN5G [3], free5GC [4], and Open5GCore [5].
  • Supported disaggregated UPF implementations: Open5GS UPF [2], free5GC UPF [4], Open5GCore UPF [5], eUPF [6], OAI UPF [7], OAI VPP UPF [8], SD-Core BESS [9], and NDN-DPDK [10].
  • For details, see the Additional_Cores_5GDeploy/ directory and the 5gdeploy GitHub repository [1].
• Added ability to run split OpenAirInterface CU-DU deployments with support for an arbitrary number of DUs.
• Added scenario automation for F1 handover of a UE between multiple DUs in the OpenAirInterface testbed.
• Added optional interactive telnet support to the OpenAirInterface gNodeB and CU installation scripts.
• Added automatic configuration generation for the O1 adapter connecting to OpenAirInterface gNodeB.
• Fixed SCTP module loaders to properly handle kernels with built-in nf_conntrack_sctp (e.g., lowlatency kernels).
• Improved support for UE-to-core and core-to-UE traffic generators when using cores beyond Open5GS.
• FlexRIC KPM: Added E2SM-KPM support for custom slicing (1-octet if SD=0xFFFFFF, otherwise 4-octets, SST+SD) [11].
• KPM with Grafana: Added support for serving and visualizing CSV files beyond KPI_Metrics.csv for better organization.
• Fixed Open5GS subscriber generation to assign correct static IP and slice SST+SD when using over three RFsim UEs.
• srsRAN gNB: Improved configs to maintain UE sessions for up to two hours of inactivity and synced with latest version.
• Updated all software commit hashes and configuration files to ensure compatibility with the most recent versions.
• Revised documentation, diagrams, and source code to reflect the changes listed above.

Full Changelog: v1.4.5...v1.5.0

References

1. Junxiao Shi (2025), 5gdeploy: 5G Core Deployment Helper, National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://github.com/usnistgov/5gdeploy
2. Open Source implementation for 5G Core and EPC. Open5GS. https://open5gs.org
3. 5G Core Network. OpenAirInterface. https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/cn5g
4. Open Source 5G Core Network based on 3GPP R15. Free5GC. https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc
5. Open5GCore - 5G Core Network for Research, Testbeds and Trials. Open5GCore. https://www.open5gcore.org
6. 5G User Plane Function (UPF) based on eBPF. edgecomllc. https://github.com/edgecomllc/eupf
7. An eBPF implementation of the User Plane Function. OpenAirInterface. https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/cn5g/oai-cn5g-upf
8. OpenAir CN 5G for UPF - Using a VPP implementation. OpenAirInterface. https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/cn5g/oai-cn5g-upf-vpp
9. Open Source Cloud Native Mobile Core. Aether SD-Core. https://github.com/omec-project/bess
10. Shi, J., Pesavento, D. and Benmohamed, L. (2020), NDN-DPDK: NDN Forwarding at 100 Gbps on Commodity Hardware, 7th ACM Conference on Information-Centric Networking (ICN 2020), Montreal, CA, [online], https://doi.org/10.1145/3405656.3418715, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=930577
11. O-RAN Alliance (2025), O-RAN.WG3.E2SM-KPM-v03.00: E2 Service Model for Key Performance Measurements, Clause 8.3.11, O-RAN Alliance Technical Specification. https://specifications.o-ran.org/download?id=810

Changelog for v1.4.5

• Updated Open5GS subscriptions to use static UE addressing, e.g., UE 1 consistently receives 10.45.0.101.
  • Subnet is configurable by updating ogstun_ipv4 or ogstun_ipv6 in 5G_Core_Network/options.yaml.
• Made loading of SCTP modules consistent for N2 (gNB <-> core) and E2 (gNB <-> Near-RT RIC) interfaces.
• Corrected O-RAN SC Non-RT RIC control panel release version to be compatible with Non-RT RIC gateway.
• Fixed Kubernetes installation of O-RAN SC RICs by changing Content Delivery Network from baltocdn to buildkite.
• Upgraded yq expression syntax to version v4.47.2, and pinned yq version to avoid incompatibilities.
• Revised expressions using jq to handle input argument URIs safely using --arg.
• Improved robustness of apt-get installations across systems by using env to pass variables.
• Improved handling of script paths including prevention of globbing when echoing script paths.
• To align with latest software versions, updated system requirements for installing every testbed component.
• Improved documentation clarity and consistency across scripts.

Full Changelog: v1.4.4...v1.4.5

Changelog for v1.4.4

• Improved automation by adding flags to apt-get install to prevent automatic service restarts and suppress interactive prompts.
• Added 5G core option to avoid systemctl and instead use background processes for better containerization support.
• Improved lifecycle management of 5G core components and accessibility of mongodb database configurations.
• Updated UE IMSI generation algorithm to avoid collisions when the number of UEs is greater than twelve.
• Fixed configuration of srsRAN_Project for network slicing support when Slice Differentiator is not 0xFFFFFF.
• Improved error handling and robustness of Kubernetes and Helm installations for O-RAN SC Near/Non-RT RICs.
• Added input argument to FlexRIC KPM monitor to CSV xApp for the measurement periodicity (default: 1000 ms).
• Improved debugging capabilities by adding GNU debugger scripts for FlexRIC and the FlexRIC xApps.
• Fixed KPM measurement offset by one indication for the metrics collected in OpenAirInterface gNB.
• Improved patch logic of OpenAirInterface components to ensure backup files remain unpatched.
• Cleaned up redundancy and improved general organization, management, and documentation.

Issues Resolved

• Resolved issue #6: Added checks to ensure that the correct yq is being used.
• Resolved issue #5: Don't reset iptables by default on O-RAN SC RIC installation.
  • Thanks to @The1andOnlyZeRo for finding both of these issues.

Full Changelog: v1.4.3...v1.4.4

Changelog for v1.4.3

• Updated O-RAN SC repositories to L Release, OpenAirInterface repositories to release v2.3.0, srsRAN_Project to release v25.04, and other testbed components' commit hashes to their latest versions.
  • Updated Docker, Kubernetes, and Helm versions for O-RAN SC's Near-RT RIC and Non-RT RIC.
• Added support for network slice customization: Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (S-NSSAI) consisting of SST and SD (3GPP 23.003 §28.4.2) and each RAN component use a slice (default: SST=1, SD=FFFFFF).
• Revised testbed to use DNN/APN of "nist-dnn" by default (can be changed in 5G_Core_Network/options.yaml).
  • 5G_Core_Network/options.yaml now supports new parameters: dnn, sst, and sd.
• Added script to list the subscribers stored in the core's database: 5G_Core_Network/list_subscribers.sh.
• Refactored all UE subscriber information generators into a single script for more straightforward customization: User_Equipment/ue_credentials_generator.sh.
• Added custom channel models to RFSim configurations shared between the OpenAirInterface gNB and UEs.
• Added run_gdb.sh for OAI UE and gNB. They are functionally equivalent to run.sh but run within GNU Debugger.
• Improved verbosity of outputs when generating a UE config file to help with debugging its subscription with the core.
• Added scripts to open a shell inside the UE, generate UE traffic to the core, and generate core traffic to the UE.
• Improved memory safety of xApps and resolved all compiler warnings from OpenAirInterface compilations.
• Split OpenAirInterface ongoing development of E2SM-KPM into a development branch.
• Added scripts for interactive Docker (lazydocker) for easier management of e2sim in O-RAN SC's Near-RT RIC.
• Enabled Istio sidecar injection on O-RAN SC's SMO/Non-RT RIC namespace.
• All scripts that open a web browser now use the system's default browser instead of hardcoded browser support.
• Updated documentation and diagrams, and made minor script revisions to improve organization and performance.

Issues Resolved

• Resolved issue #2: Disabled E2 for srsRAN's CU-CP so that the KPI Monitor stops crashing (still connects to the DU).
• Fixed issue #3: OAI's UE now properly uses its namespace so that uplink/downlink traffic is detected by the xApp.
  • Thanks to @jnavarrog for finding both of these issues.
• Fixed issue #4: srsue crashing with incorrect tx/rx ports. Fixed by changing the example srsRAN_Project gnb.yaml and User_Equipment ue1.conf files that are used (band 3, with frequency division duplexing).
  • Thanks to @ven457 for finding this issue.

Full Changelog: v1.4.2...v1.4.3

Changelog for v1.4.2

• Added OpenAirInterface O1 adapter support for SMO/Non-RT RIC metrics logging and RAN control.
• Added sampling resolution option to Grafana dashboard and KPI_Metrics.csv server for improved scalability.
• Added periodicity input argument for xapp_kpm_moni_write_to_csv (default: 1000 ms).
• Detached OpenAirInterface RSRP calculation from gNB 1000 ms printing interval to allow xApp periods < 1000 ms.
• Added metric "Reporting Time Offset (ms)" to show deviations from expected epoch (≠0 if resources are exhausted).
• Added statistical RSRP metrics: RSRP.{Minimum, Quartile1, Median, Mean, Quartile3, Maximum}.
• Renamed KPI metric "N_RSRP_MEAS" to 'RSRP.Count' to match the above metrics.
• Fixed xApp signal handling following Mosaic5G's change to import environment variable "XAPP_DURATION".
• Added option for xApp to omit the first sample to avoid fluctuations in startup-sensitive KPI metrics on initial startup.
• Fixed patching logic to ensure that original files stay up-to-date with OpenAirInterface repositories.
• Updated E2 simulator connectivity with O-RAN SC's Near-RT RIC.
• Fixed permissions: Corrected file ownership-related issues and Docker no longer requires sudo.
• Updated all software dependency commit hashes to the latest versions.
• Additional minor tweaks and improvements.

Full Changelog: v1.4.1...v1.4.2

Changelog for v1.4.1

• Fixed handling of invalid KPI metrics (e.g., RSRP and RSSI are now logged as empty cells in KPI_Metrics.csv when NaN).
• Changed FlexRIC KPM monitor xApp sample-filtering based on invalid RSRP measurements toggleable (default: disabled).
• Fixed Near/Non-RT RICs from accessing ric-dep if either is already running upon installation.
• Improved robustness of O-RAN SC Near-RT RIC's E2 simulator installation and run scripts.
• Updated documentation of both Near-RT RICs to include notes about the supported metrics.
• Improved logging when interacting with testbed components (e.g., UE IDs are identified when echoing status).
• Updated all software dependency commit hashes to the latest versions.
• Updated srsRAN_Project configurations to align with the latest software version.
• Updated FlexRIC KPM monitoring xApp patches to the latest FlexRIC version's syntax and formatting.
• Cleaned up unused patch files in OpenAirInterface_Testbed.
• Adjusted NIST software disclaimers for consistency and correctness.
• Additional minor improvements to documentation, diagrams, and source code.

Full Changelog: v1.4.0...v1.4.1

Changelog for v1.4.0

OpenAirInterface-based Components

• Scalability improvements: Grafana dashboard panels now request only their own data via optional URI parameters.
  • from=<start_epoch>: The starting epoch timestamp (ms) of the data being requested.
  • to=<end_epoch>: The ending epoch timestamp (ms) of the data being requested.
  • filter=<metric1,metric2,…>: List of columns (metric names) to include in the output response.
• Added units to the CSV column headers in KPM Monitor-to-CSV xApp.
• Added KPM Monitor-to-InfluxDB xApp that writes to InfluxDB v2 rather than to CSV.
• Fixed OpenAirInterface calculation of RSRP, N_RSRP_MEAS (set in OAI based on RSRP reset), RSSI, and RSRQ.
• Added new radio-layer metrics:
  • Block error rates (BLER) uplink/downlink.
  • Modulation and coding scheme indexes (MCS) uplink/downlink.
  • MAC SDU error rates uplink/downlink (calculated with OAI patch).
  • MAC SDU retransmission rates uplink/downlink (calculated with OAI patch).
• Updated Grafana dashboard layout and design to reflect the changes listed above.
• Patched type printing across all Mosaic5G FlexRIC C xApps.
• Added ability to simulate UE traffic with input args: UE identifier, bandwidth, and flood duration.

O-RAN SC-based Components

• Extended supplemental features from Near-RT RIC to Non-RT RIC (e.g., Cilium, Hubble UI, and Wireshark logging functionalities).
• Added script to install just A1 simulators to simulate Near-RT RIC behavior across six RICs of varying A1 versions.
• Fixed bug where Non-RT RIC tests would fail after uninstalling and reinstalling the Non-RT RIC.
• Improved robustness of RIC installers and updated their documentation.
• Removed the control panel's dependence on the Non-RT RIC for installation modularity.
• Corrected dependencies for backward compatibility with O-RAN SC J-Release.

Additional Changes

• Fixed Open5GS WebUI script so that Grafana and WebUI ports do not collide and can run simultaneously.
• Fixed the permissions of files across the automation tool (755 → 644).
• Updated commit hashes, screenshots, diagrams, and documentation.

Full Changelog: v1.3.0...v1.4.0